Since 2008, the official body has invested $164m into anti-radiation drug candidates. Countermeasures against ARS under development in companies and funded by federal programmes currently range from stem cell treatments to toll-like receptor agonists. The Maryland-based stem cell company Osiris Therapeutics has recently received a contract from ...Feb 15, 2021 · We aimed at establishing novel therapeutic avenues for the development and clinical applications of radiation protective drugs. Anti-Radiation Active Compounds of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Active compounds in Chinese herbal medicines can scavenge for free radicals, reduce DNA damage, promote post-injury repair, and reduce cell apoptosis. Oct 6, 2022 · Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are approved for a commercial indication helps to sustain availability of the product and improves healthcare provider familiarity with the drug. Amgen will maintain the supply of the drug, an approach the HHS says lowers costs for taxpayers and allows the drug to be used in the commercial market before it expires. Chris Meekins, former deputy assistant secretary for preparedness and response at HHS, said that he sees no cause for alarm over the purchase. That’s because, he said, the ...Oct 4, 2022 · To reduce radiation-induced bleeding, Nplate stimulates the body’s production of platelets. The drug can be used to treat adults and children. Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are ... A prescription medication used to combat cesium and thallium radiation poisoning. By trapping radioactive material in the intestines, Prussian Blue aids in its elimination from the body. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA). It plays a crucial role in addressing exposure to plutonium, americium, and curium.But radiation health experts say the pills aren't really helpful in the aftermath of a nuclear attack. ... Jones said he sent out about 140,000 doses of the drug, whereas he normally would have ...Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is emerging as a safe and effective targeted approach to treating many types of cancer. In RPT, radiation is systemically or locally delivered using ...KI can cause harmful health effects when not taken exactly as directed by a healthcare provider or public health official. Taking more KI than recommended can cause severe illness or death. Some people have harmful health effects, like gastrointestinal upset, rashes, or allergic reactions from KI even when taken correctly. Top of Page. Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are approved for a commercial indication helps to sustain availability of the product and improves healthcare provider familiarity with the drug.Updated: 11:17 EDT, 6 October 2022. The US has stocked up on radiation sickness drugs just weeks after Vladimir Putin threatened to use nuclear weapons against the West. Officials said the deal ...Dec 13, 2022 · The global anti-radiation drugs market was valued at US$ 3.4 Bn in 2021 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 9.9% from 2022 to 2031. Increase in demand for drugs, such as Prussian Blue ... Oct 6, 2022 · The U.S. government just dropped $290 million dollars on anti-radiation drugs in the wake of escalated nuclear rhetoric from Russian President Vladimir Putin; procurement of the drug Nplate, to treat acute radiation syndrome (ARS), was announced by the US Health and Human Services (HSS). Abstract Anti-aging properties can be found in many compounds with radiation-protective effects. Such compounds include the following: bioflavonoids, some antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine), melatonin, some non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents and statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, metformin, rapamycin, etc. The effects of the drugs can develop both in the case of their long-term ...We aimed at establishing novel therapeutic avenues for the development and clinical applications of radiation protective drugs. Anti-Radiation Active Compounds of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Active compounds in Chinese herbal medicines can scavenge for free radicals, reduce DNA damage, promote post-injury repair, and reduce cell apoptosis.The global anti-radiation drugs market is projected to flourish at a CAGR of 9.9% from 2022 to 2031. As per the report published by TMR, a valuation of US$ 9.6Oct 5, 2022 · A $290 million procurement of the drug Nplate, to treat acute radiation syndrome (ARS), was announced by the US Health and Human Services (HSS). The government confirmed it was the first purchase ... FDA Warns of Fake "Anti-Radiation" Pills. Mar 22, 2011. Laura Enderle Associate Editor. Article. Japan’s nuclear scare could prompt an onslaught of drug scams that prey on radiation fears. US government agencies are warning consumers not to be fooled by counterfeit drugs claiming to protect against illness caused by radiation exposure.Oct 4, 2022 · To reduce radiation-induced bleeding, Nplate stimulates the body’s production of platelets. The drug can be used to treat adults and children. Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are ... A prescription medication used to combat cesium and thallium radiation poisoning. By trapping radioactive material in the intestines, Prussian Blue aids in its elimination from the body. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA). It plays a crucial role in addressing exposure to plutonium, americium, and curium.Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are approved for a commercial indication helps to sustain availability of the product and improves healthcare provider familiarity with the drug.The Biden administration has placed an order for $290 million worth of a drug that can be used to treat radiation sickness. On October 4, the United States Department for Health and Human Services ...Aug 7, 2014 · The mechanisms of anti-radiation action: The optimal condition of protective action: Antioxidan: Enzyme and non-enzyme anti-radical effect, activation of Nrf2/KeapI and Sirtuin/FoxO pathway: Low-dose-rate irradiation, repeated prophylactic dose of drugs and nutrient supplement: Pro-oxidant Nov 5, 2021 · Inflammation-related cytokines are another high-frequency group of anti-radiation drugs for digestive injury. IL-6-related anti-radiation drugs include ciprofloxacin , C-GSF , 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid , CD28 mimetic peptide p2TA , delta-tocotrienol , and palmitoylethanolamide , suggesting that inflammatory inhibitors may also contribute to ... Oct 13, 2022 · A n announcement that the Department of Health and Human Services spent $290 million on a drug used to treat radiation sickness earlier this month raised eyebrows amid an uptick in nuclear threats ... The US just spent $290 million on anti-radiation pills used to "save lives following radiation and nuclear emergencies". The US Department for Health and Human Services (HHS) announced Tuesday it ... According to the dose reduction factor, the expected radiation protective effect of the radioprotector for humans is up to 1.5. The drug betaleukin (recombinant human IL-1β) proposed as agent of early urgent anti-radiation therapy applying within two hours after irradiation. A $290 million procurement of the drug Nplate, to treat acute radiation syndrome (ARS), was announced by the US Health and Human Services (HSS). ... US splashes $290m on anti-radiation drugs after ...Serotonin (5-HT3) antagonists block the effects of serotonin, a substance that commonly triggers nausea and vomiting. These drugs are effective at controlling acute nausea and vomiting and are usually given before chemo and then for a few days afterward. (Examples: ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron)Oct 13, 2022 · A n announcement that the Department of Health and Human Services spent $290 million on a drug used to treat radiation sickness earlier this month raised eyebrows amid an uptick in nuclear threats ... Abstract Anti-aging properties can be found in many compounds with radiation-protective effects. Such compounds include the following: bioflavonoids, some antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine), melatonin, some non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents and statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, metformin, rapamycin, etc. The effects of the drugs can develop both in the case of their long-term ...May 16, 2011 · Since 2008, the official body has invested $164m into anti-radiation drug candidates. Countermeasures against ARS under development in companies and funded by federal programmes currently range from stem cell treatments to toll-like receptor agonists. The Maryland-based stem cell company Osiris Therapeutics has recently received a contract from ... Delayed dose. Although there are no approved anti-radiation drugs on the market, a number of other therapies are in development, but most must be given within about 24 hours of exposure. “A drug ...Prussian blue traps radioactive cesium and thallium in the intestines to keep them from being absorbed by the body. These radioactive materials move through the intestines and pass out of the body (excrete) in bowel movements. Getting these materials out of the body help limit the amount of time they expose the body to radiation. A $290 million procurement of the drug Nplate, to treat acute radiation syndrome (ARS), was announced by the US Health and Human Services (HSS). The government confirmed it was the first purchase ...Anti-rad drugs are stalkers' main method of clearing radiation poisoning after exposure to irradiated areas, mutants, or artifacts in The Zone. Anti-rad drugs are common amongst stalkers, regardless of their experience or affiliation. Anti-rad's way of application differs throughout the series, its either a packet consisting of two blue and red ...Since 2008, the official body has invested $164m into anti-radiation drug candidates. Countermeasures against ARS under development in companies and funded by federal programmes currently range from stem cell treatments to toll-like receptor agonists. The Maryland-based stem cell company Osiris Therapeutics has recently received a contract from ...The drug was approved by the FDA in January 2021 for use in people suffering from acute radiation syndrome following "a nuclear explosion, an accident at a nuclear reactor, a radiotherapy accident ...Aug 7, 2014 · The mechanisms of anti-radiation action: The optimal condition of protective action: Antioxidan: Enzyme and non-enzyme anti-radical effect, activation of Nrf2/KeapI and Sirtuin/FoxO pathway: Low-dose-rate irradiation, repeated prophylactic dose of drugs and nutrient supplement: Pro-oxidant The Biden administration has placed an order for $290 million worth of a drug that can be used to treat radiation sickness. On October 4, the United States Department for Health and Human Services ...What are anti-radiation pills? Potassium iodide (KI) tablets, or anti-radiation pills, are known to provide some protection in cases of radiation exposure. They contain non-radioactive iodine and can help block absorption, and subsequent concentration, of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland.The mechanisms of anti-radiation action: The optimal condition of protective action: Antioxidan: Enzyme and non-enzyme anti-radical effect, activation of Nrf2/KeapI and Sirtuin/FoxO pathway: Low-dose-rate irradiation, repeated prophylactic dose of drugs and nutrient supplement: Pro-oxidantOct 7, 2022 · Acute radiation syndrome occurs when a person's "entire body is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation" — the kind resulting from a nuclear explosion or a dirty bomb. Nplate serves to reduce radiation-induced bleeding by stimulating the body's production of platelets. The drug can reportedly be used in both adults and children. These treatments include the following: Potassium iodide (ThyroShield, Iosat). This is a nonradioactive form of iodine. Iodine is essential for proper thyroid... Prussian blue (Radiogardase). This type of dye binds to particles of radioactive elements known as cesium and thallium. Diethylenetriamine ...Aug 1, 2018 · Chelation therapy is a medical procedure that involves the administration of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. Chelation therapy has a long history of use in clinical toxicology and remains in use for some very specific medical treatments, although it is administered under very careful medical supervision due to various inherent risks. Jun 3, 2022 · Is there anti radiation medication? The most common ‘drug’ on the market is a salt of stable, not-radioactive iodine. The two FDA-approved companies that make the salt are Anbex and Fleming Pharmaceuticals in the United States. What is Anti radiation Chip? The radiation emitted from electronic gadgets can be managed with anti radiation chips. DTPA (Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate) is a medicine that can bind to radioactive plutonium, americium, and curium to decrease the amount of time it takes to get radioactive plutonium, americium, and curium out of the body. DTPA cannot bind all of the radioactive plutonium, americium, and curium that might get into a person’s body after a ... Sep 17, 2012 · Cleveland Biolabs, a clinical-stage biotechnology company based out of Buffalo, NY (CBLI) with subsidiaries in Russia (covered later), has developed an anti-radiation drug CBLB502 (now known as ... October 7, 2022. By Timothy Gardner. WASHINGTON (Reuters)—The U.S. government this week bought $290 million in supplies of a drug designed to treat blood cell injuries following radiological and ...HHS Spends $290 Million On Extra Radiation Sickness Medication. It could be a "troubling sign of the times," FiercePharma says, noting the money is buying an "undisclosed" amount of the Amgen drug Nplate — approved to treat blood cell injuries from acute radiation sickness. The Department of Health and Human Services downplayed the purchase.Chelation therapy is a medical procedure that involves the administration of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. Chelation therapy has a long history of use in clinical toxicology and remains in use for some very specific medical treatments, although it is administered under very careful medical supervision due to various inherent risks.Compare risks and benefits of common medications used for Radiation Emergency. Find the most ... The drug was approved by the FDA in January 2021 for use in people suffering from acute radiation syndrome following "a nuclear explosion, an accident at a nuclear reactor, a radiotherapy accident ...But they had to develop a way of making this effect temporary and reversible. "We demonstrated the drug is efficacious when injected before radiation and after radiation. "In summary, CBLB502 reduces radiation toxicity without diminishing the therapeutic anti-tumour effect of radiation and without promoting radiation-induced carcinogenicity."Oct 4, 2022 · As part of long-standing, ongoing efforts to be better prepared to save lives following radiological and nuclear emergencies, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is purchasing a supply of the drug Nplate from Amgen USA Inc; Nplate is approved to treat blood cell injuries that accompany acute radiation syndrome in adult and ... Given these recent developments, the Biden administration has bought $290 million of anti-radiation drugs this week to prepare the country for threats to national security. . The HHS has confirmed ...Feb 15, 2021 · We aimed at establishing novel therapeutic avenues for the development and clinical applications of radiation protective drugs. Anti-Radiation Active Compounds of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Active compounds in Chinese herbal medicines can scavenge for free radicals, reduce DNA damage, promote post-injury repair, and reduce cell apoptosis. Aug 11, 2023 · Wilmington, Delaware, United States, Aug. 11, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The global anti-radiation drugs market is projected to flourish at a CAGR of 9.9% from 2022 to 2031. Aug 1, 2018 · Chelation therapy is a medical procedure that involves the administration of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. Chelation therapy has a long history of use in clinical toxicology and remains in use for some very specific medical treatments, although it is administered under very careful medical supervision due to various inherent risks. May 16, 2011 · Since 2008, the official body has invested $164m into anti-radiation drug candidates. Countermeasures against ARS under development in companies and funded by federal programmes currently range from stem cell treatments to toll-like receptor agonists. The Maryland-based stem cell company Osiris Therapeutics has recently received a contract from ... In an experiment, there was a pronounced anti-radiation effect of TPO, which was manifested as early as after a single administration of the drug within the first six hours after irradiation . The radiomitigating properties were observed for a new promising group of TPO-mimetics that currently include drugs such as romiplostin (AMG 531) and ...Aug 7, 2014 · The mechanisms of anti-radiation action: The optimal condition of protective action: Antioxidan: Enzyme and non-enzyme anti-radical effect, activation of Nrf2/KeapI and Sirtuin/FoxO pathway: Low-dose-rate irradiation, repeated prophylactic dose of drugs and nutrient supplement: Pro-oxidant The drug can be used to treat adults and children. Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are approved for a commercial indication helps to sustain availability of the product and improves ...Delayed dose. Although there are no approved anti-radiation drugs on the market, a number of other therapies are in development, but most must be given within about 24 hours of exposure. “A drug ...Feb 15, 2021 · We aimed at establishing novel therapeutic avenues for the development and clinical applications of radiation protective drugs. Anti-Radiation Active Compounds of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Active compounds in Chinese herbal medicines can scavenge for free radicals, reduce DNA damage, promote post-injury repair, and reduce cell apoptosis. Dec 13, 2022 · WILMINGTON, Del., Dec. 13, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The global anti-radiation drugs market was valued at US$ 3.4 Bn in 2021 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 9.9% from 2022 to 2031. Increase in ... Chelation therapy is a medical procedure that involves the administration of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. Chelation therapy has a long history of use in clinical toxicology and remains in use for some very specific medical treatments, although it is administered under very careful medical supervision due to various inherent risks.Nplate, a drug manufactured by Amgen USA Inc., was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2008 for long-term treatment of an autoimmune disease that can cause excessive bleeding. In January 2021, the FDA approved Nplate for treating injuries caused by radiation sickness in adults and children, including newborns.FDA Warns of Fake "Anti-Radiation" Pills. Mar 22, 2011. Laura Enderle Associate Editor. Article. Japan’s nuclear scare could prompt an onslaught of drug scams that prey on radiation fears. US government agencies are warning consumers not to be fooled by counterfeit drugs claiming to protect against illness caused by radiation exposure.Feb 1, 2003 · FDA Wants Anti-Radiation Drug. A centuries-old blue dye can be used to protect humans from radiation contamination. The Food and Drug Administration wants a medicinal version made to treat victims ... Oct 6, 2022 · The drug can be used to treat adults and children. Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are approved for a commercial indication helps to sustain availability of the product and improves ... Oct 6, 2022 · Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are approved for a commercial indication helps to sustain availability of the product and improves healthcare provider familiarity with the drug. In recent years, MT has been widely used as a sleep-inducing drug (dose range 0.3–8 mg). Sleep induction and antihypertensive effects are considered to be adverse reactions of anti-radiation drugs. Therefore, behavioral evaluation of the optimal human radiation protection dose of MT is also needed in future studies.The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released guidance in December 2001 on how to safely use potassium iodide. In pill or liquid form, it can help protect you during a nuclear radiation ...May 16, 2011 · Since 2008, the official body has invested $164m into anti-radiation drug candidates. Countermeasures against ARS under development in companies and funded by federal programmes currently range from stem cell treatments to toll-like receptor agonists. The Maryland-based stem cell company Osiris Therapeutics has recently received a contract from ... What are anti-radiation pills? Potassium iodide (KI) tablets, or anti-radiation pills, are known to provide some protection in cases of radiation exposure. They contain non-radioactive iodine and can help block absorption, and subsequent concentration, of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland.May 12, 2023 · 4. Glutathione. Glutathione, a water-soluble antioxidant available in supplement and tincture form, is essential in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals and heavy metals. Beyond its role in cellular defense, glutathione may also help counteract the detrimental effects of EMF radiation. In recent years, MT has been widely used as a sleep-inducing drug (dose range 0.3–8 mg). Sleep induction and antihypertensive effects are considered to be adverse reactions of anti-radiation drugs. Therefore, behavioral evaluation of the optimal human radiation protection dose of MT is also needed in future studies.4. Glutathione. Glutathione, a water-soluble antioxidant available in supplement and tincture form, is essential in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals and heavy metals. Beyond its role in cellular defense, glutathione may also help counteract the detrimental effects of EMF radiation.Wednesday, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) said it’s throwing down $290 million to lock up an undisclosed amount of Amgen’s blood disorder med Nplate, which is approved ...The United States is stockpiling medications for radiation sickness, which might be a worrying sign of the times. On Wednesday, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced that it would spend $290 million to secure an undisclosed quantity of Amgen's blood disorder drug Nplate, which has been approved to treat blood cell injuries caused by acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in ...Given these recent developments, the Biden administration has bought $290 million of anti-radiation drugs this week to prepare the country for threats to national security. . The HHS has confirmed ...
The global Anti-radiation Drugs market is estimated to attain a valuation of US$ 9.6 Bn by the end of 2031, states a study by Transparency Market Research (TMR). Besides, the report notes that the market is prognosticated to expand at a CAGR of 9.9% during the forecast period, 2022-2031. The key objective of the TMR report is…. Lexus es 350 for sale under dollar5000
To reduce radiation-induced bleeding, Nplate stimulates the body’s production of platelets. The drug can be used to treat adults and children. Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are ...These treatments include the following: Potassium iodide (ThyroShield, Iosat). This is a nonradioactive form of iodine. Iodine is essential for proper thyroid... Prussian blue (Radiogardase). This type of dye binds to particles of radioactive elements known as cesium and thallium. Diethylenetriamine ...Oct 8, 2022 · Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are approved for a commercial indication helps to sustain availability of the product and improves healthcare provider familiarity with the drug. The global Anti-radiation Drugs market is estimated to attain a valuation of US$ 9.6 Bn by the end of 2031, states a study by Transparency Market Research (TMR). Besides, the report notes that the market is prognosticated to expand at a CAGR of 9.9% during the forecast period, 2022-2031. The key objective of the TMR report is…Oct 4, 2022 · To reduce radiation-induced bleeding, Nplate stimulates the body’s production of platelets. The drug can be used to treat adults and children. Nplate is also approved for adult and pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder resulting in low platelet counts. Repurposing drugs for acute radiation syndrome that also are ... Treatment for internal contamination. Potassium iodide (ThyroShield, Iosat). This is a nonradioactive form of iodine. Prussian blue (Radiogardase). This type of dye binds to particles of radioactive elements known as cesium and thallium. The radioactive particles are ... Diethylenetriamine ... Aug 11, 2023 · The global anti-radiation drugs market is projected to flourish at a CAGR of 9.9% from 2022 to 2031. As per the report published by TMR, a valuation of US$ 9.6 Serotonin (5-HT3) antagonists block the effects of serotonin, a substance that commonly triggers nausea and vomiting. These drugs are effective at controlling acute nausea and vomiting and are usually given before chemo and then for a few days afterward. (Examples: ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron) Oct 5, 2022 · A $290 million procurement of the drug Nplate, to treat acute radiation syndrome (ARS), was announced by the US Health and Human Services (HSS). The government confirmed it was the first purchase ... Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this". [1] Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation ...The US just spent $290 million on anti-radiation pills used to "save lives following radiation and nuclear emergencies". The US Department for Health and Human Services (HHS) announced Tuesday it ... Antineoplastic drugs used to shrink cancer cells before radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy administered after other treatments to shrink remaining cancer cells.Feb 15, 2021 · We aimed at establishing novel therapeutic avenues for the development and clinical applications of radiation protective drugs. Anti-Radiation Active Compounds of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Active compounds in Chinese herbal medicines can scavenge for free radicals, reduce DNA damage, promote post-injury repair, and reduce cell apoptosis. Poland discusses hosting American nuclear weapons as US buys up anti-radiation drugs. ... medical countermeasures available in case a catastrophic event exposes people to high doses of radiation ...Sources used: - The Telegraph: ‘US splashes $290m on anti-radiation drugs after Putin ups nuclear threats’. - Daily Mail: ‘US stocks up on $300m worth of radiation sickness drugs but claims ...Inflammation-related cytokines are another high-frequency group of anti-radiation drugs for digestive injury. IL-6-related anti-radiation drugs include ciprofloxacin , C-GSF , 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid , CD28 mimetic peptide p2TA , delta-tocotrienol , and palmitoylethanolamide , suggesting that inflammatory inhibitors may also contribute to ...In an experiment, there was a pronounced anti-radiation effect of TPO, which was manifested as early as after a single administration of the drug within the first six hours after irradiation . The radiomitigating properties were observed for a new promising group of TPO-mimetics that currently include drugs such as romiplostin (AMG 531) and ....